Introduction
Polyurethane wheels are widely used in industries such as manufacturing, material handling, warehousing, and medical equipment due to their durability, shock absorption, and resistance to wear and tear. However, one of the most critical factors affecting their performance is tread hardness. Choosing the right polyurethane tread hardness can improve load capacity, traction, noise reduction, and longevity.
In this blog, we’ll explore why tread hardness matters, how to choose the right hardness level, and the impact of different durometers on polyurethane wheels for various applications.
1. Understanding Polyurethane Tread Hardness
Tread hardness refers to how firm or soft the polyurethane material is. It is measured in durometer using the Shore hardness scale, primarily Shore A and Shore D.
- Shore A: Used for softer polyurethanes, ranging from rubber-like flexibility to semi-rigid materials.
- Shore D: Used for harder polyurethanes with plastic-like rigidity.
The hardness of polyurethane wheels affects their grip, wear resistance, and ability to absorb shock. Selecting the right tread hardness is crucial to optimizing performance and longevity.
2. How Tread Hardness Affects Performance
A. Load Capacity
✔ Softer polyurethane wheels (Shore A 70-85) provide better traction but may deform under heavy loads.
✔ Harder polyurethane wheels (Shore A 90+ or Shore D 50-70) support heavier weights but offer less grip.
B. Traction and Floor Protection
✔ Soft polyurethane wheels grip smooth floors well, preventing slips.
✔ Hard polyurethane wheels roll more efficiently but may reduce traction on slippery surfaces.
✔ Both soft and hard polyurethane wheels are non-marking and protect floors better than metal or plastic wheels.
C. Shock Absorption and Noise Reduction
✔ Softer polyurethane wheels absorb shocks well, making them ideal for rough surfaces or noise-sensitive environments.
✔ Harder polyurethane wheels are less compressible, meaning they transmit more vibration but offer better rolling efficiency.
D. Wear Resistance and Longevity
✔ Harder polyurethane wheels last longer under heavy loads and in high-speed applications.
✔ Softer polyurethane wheels wear faster but offer better grip and vibration dampening.
By understanding these factors, you can choose the right polyurethane wheels for your specific needs.
3. Choosing the Right Polyurethane Tread Hardness for Different Applications
A. Heavy-Duty Industrial Applications (Shore D 50-70 / Shore A 95-100)
✔ Best for manufacturing plants, forklifts, automated guided vehicles (AGVs), and heavy-duty carts.
✔ High load-bearing capacity and low rolling resistance.
✔ Suitable for smooth, flat surfaces where speed and durability matter.
B. Material Handling and Warehousing (Shore A 85-95)
✔ Used in pallet jacks, conveyor rollers, and warehouse carts.
✔ Balance between load capacity and shock absorption.
✔ Reduces noise and vibration, making it ideal for busy warehouses.
C. Medical and Cleanroom Applications (Shore A 75-85)
✔ Used in hospital beds, medical carts, and lab equipment.
✔ Non-marking, quiet, and shock-absorbent.
✔ Offers smooth movement without damaging delicate flooring.
D. Outdoor and Rough Terrain Applications (Shore A 70-80)
✔ Suitable for construction, aviation, and heavy equipment transport.
✔ Handles uneven surfaces and reduces vibrations.
✔ Provides better grip on outdoor terrains.
E. High-Speed Applications (Shore A 90-100 / Shore D 50-70)
✔ Used in high-speed conveyor systems and robotic applications.
✔ Hard tread ensures minimal deformation and energy loss.
✔ Works well for fast-moving industrial setups.
Selecting the right hardness level for your polyurethane wheels ensures optimal efficiency, durability, and safety for your specific application.
4. Factors to Consider When Selecting Tread Hardness
A. Load Requirements
✔ Heavy loads require harder polyurethane wheels for durability.
✔ Light to medium loads can use softer polyurethane wheels for better shock absorption.
B. Floor Type
✔ Smooth floors: Harder wheels roll easily with less resistance.
✔ Rough or uneven floors: Softer wheels absorb vibrations and offer better traction.
C. Speed of Operation
✔ High-speed equipment needs harder polyurethane wheels to minimize wear.
✔ Low-speed operations benefit from softer polyurethane wheels to reduce noise.
D. Temperature and Chemical Exposure
✔ High temperatures can soften polyurethane; consider heat-resistant grades.
✔ Exposure to oils or chemicals may require special polyurethane formulations.
By considering these factors, you can maximize the performance of polyurethane wheels in your industrial or commercial applications.
5. Customizing Polyurethane Wheels for Your Needs
Manufacturers offer custom polyurethane wheels tailored to specific requirements. Options include:
✔ Custom durometer levels (Shore A or Shore D)
✔ Precision bearings for smoother operation
✔ Antistatic or conductive polyurethane for sensitive environments
✔ Special coatings for chemical and heat resistance
If your application has unique needs, working with a polyurethane wheel manufacturer to design a custom solution is a smart investment.
6. Conclusion
Choosing the right polyurethane tread hardness is essential for ensuring durability, efficiency, and safety in various industrial and commercial applications. The right hardness level depends on load capacity, floor conditions, operating speed, and environmental factors.
Key Takeaways:
✔ Soft polyurethane wheels (Shore A 70-85) absorb shocks, reduce noise, and provide excellent grip but wear out faster.
✔ Medium-hard polyurethane wheels (Shore A 85-95) balance durability and comfort, making them ideal for most applications.
✔ Hard polyurethane wheels (Shore A 95+ or Shore D 50-70) support heavy loads and high speeds but offer less shock absorption.
✔ Consider load requirements, floor type, and environmental conditions before selecting polyurethane wheels.
By making an informed decision, businesses can enhance performance, improve workplace safety, and extend the lifespan of polyurethane wheels.
Need help selecting the right polyurethane wheels for your needs? Contact us today for expert advice!
